Mitigation of urban heat island effects through spatial planning

Abstract

The urban heat island effect is one of the most well-documented climate change phenomena. It is caused by the replacement of natural surfaces with artificial surfaces, human-produced heat emissions, and urban layout. There is no evidence that the UHI has been studied or even included in applicable regulations or building standards in Paradip. The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is a type of heat buildup phenomenon in urban areas caused by urban development and human activity. Heat islands are urbanized regions with higher temperatures than their surroundings. Structures such as houses, roads, and other infrastructure absorb and re-emit more of the sun's heat than natural landscapes like forests and bodies of water. Urban regions, where these constructions are highly concentrated and greenery is scarce, become "heat islands" compared to rural places. In metropolitan regions, daytime temperatures are around 1– 7°F higher than in rural areas, while nocturnal temperatures are approximately 2–5°F higher. Approximately half of the global population resides in metropolitan settings. As urban agglomerations arise and population migration from rural to urban/suburban areas continues, it is anticipated that the worldwide pace of urbanization will increase by 70 percent of the current world urban population by 2030. Consequently, it is not unexpected that the negative effects of urbanization are a growing worry for people around the world. The principal negative effects of urbanization on the environment are the creation of pollutants, the alteration of the physical and chemical qualities of the atmosphere, and the covering of the soil surface. UHI, defined as the increase in temperature of any man-made place, is considered a cumulative consequence of all these factors, resulting in a well defined, distinct "warm island" among the "cold sea" represented by the lower temperature of the surrounding natural environment. This study will investigate and discuss the relationship between land use and the urban heat island effect, as well as what can be done to alleviate the urban heat island impact through spatial planning. Key Word: Urban Heat Island, Built Environment, Land Use, LST, NDVI