Location planning and estimation of total number of charging stations for electric vehicles

Abstract

Gasoline powered vehicles are major source of GHG emissions and air pollution. Public Transport, Shared Mobility, Electric Vehicles are the mitigation measures for reducing emissions. Electric Vehicles are step toward clean energy’s vision. India has 14 out of 20 worlds most polluted cities, also imports of oil are 4 % of GDP. Hence, the move toward electrical vehicles is welcomed. As it cost less than Internal Combustion Engines Vehicles. Government of India has prepared handbook named as ―Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Implementation‖. According to Electrical Vehicles Handbook, the step-by-step approach includes Overview, Governance, demand assessment and target setting, planning of location and land allocation, connection to grid, integration of EV-grid, Models of implementation. Location planning and land allocation is that part which has urban planning component on which the methodology is provided. Existing methodology to plan for location is following. First, dividing the area under planning into cells, Parameter identification that that indicate potential demand of charging, Data values to be mapped on the cells of grid, weightage assigning to various values and parameters, calculating the number of charging points required in each cell size of 1 sq. km. Principle of location planning is maximisin utilization and accessibility, minimizing cost. Indicators for accessibility are visibility, major roads’ access, 24x7 access and access to local roads. Indicators for utilization are density of employment and population, volumes of traffic, transit stations and point of interests. Indicators for cost minimization, land cost, power supply cost, connection cost, EVSE cost. The Location planning aspects does not include the importance of traffic and transportation systems. Like how, the traffic volume, origin destination patterns, accessibility to point of interests (Parking (on street and off street), charging plazas, petrol pumps, metro stations and highways) will be accessed. There is a lack of sighting from traffic flow perspective. To work it out, Methodology is prepared. As the first objective is to identify the number of charging points required in the area. For that RTO data is collect and then estimated were made for the year 2025 and 2030. Then, EV penetration rate for 2025 and 2030 is taken using which number of charging points are estimated. This is done as per the share of public charging which is provided in handbook. As per second objective, public charging points are identified like parking sites (off street as well as on street). At these points surveys are conducted to find out the Turnover, Accumulation, Parking Index and Duration. Using that data, charging points were allocated at sites. As per third objective, Available market layouts are fitted on the sites to find out the feasibility. Gaps have been found out and recommendations have been made. Expected outcome involves - How the traffic and transportation related aspects can be added in location planning of charging infrastructure? As the situation for Electric vehicle will be different than ICE hence, the waiting time and charging time and service rate at charging station are not similar and it is a whole system change. Hence, new outcome will arrive at locations. At the end, recommendations have been made by comparing chargers and scope with battery swapping is seen.