Applicability of form based codes as a regulatory mechanism

Abstract

Urbanization in India is rapidly increasing, with the addition of 90 million people in urban areas over the last decade, as reported by the World Bank. It is projected that another 120 million people will be added by 2030. However, some researchers are concerned that the expansion of Indian cities is happening without sufficient attention given to the design and quality of the built environment, leading to a degradation of residents' quality of life. The current regulation of urban form and development in Indian cities primarily relies on quantitative tools such as land use zoning and development control parameters, neglecting the qualitative aspects of urban living. As a result, the urban pattern often lacks guidance, and the form of the built environment follows function without a coordinated approach. To address this issue, the National Urban Policy Framework of 2018 highlights the use of form-based codes as an alternative method for regulating land use and development to create more vibrant and livable places. Based on the principles of New Urbanism, Form-Based Code (FBC) has emerged as a powerful tool to improve the quality of life in urban areas by promoting more predictable built forms and enhancing the public realm. This thesis aims to explore the concept of FBC as a contemporary practice worldwide. By examining case examples, the study identifies various elements of FBC and seeks to validate their significance in the existing built environment of a brownfield study area in Coimbatore. Through primary surveys, the research extensively documents the selected area, including its current built forms, street patterns, and activities, and analyzes their impact on urban form. Furthermore, an assessment of the existing planning system and development code in Coimbatore, specifically the Tamil Nadu Combined Development and Building Rules, reveals gaps in the legislative framework. In conclusion, the study proposes the integration of FBCs into the existing Development Control Regulations (DCR) and Building Bylaws. This incorporation aims to foster a more responsive urban form and facilitate community participation in the local planning process.