Challenges in implementation of TOD policies in India

Abstract

To encourage NMT and pedestrian trips, India's National TOD Policy was introduced in 2017 with the goal of providing a framework for high density and mixed land use development around or along transit nodes and transit corridors. Yet, numerous Indian cities, including Nagpur, Ahmedabad, etc. had their own TOD policies long before the National TOD policy was implemented, and after the National TOD policy, different States and cities created their own TOD policies based on their needs and local development standards and rules. It is very difficult to implement TOD because it needs a lot of infrastructure, money, and stakeholder integration. As a result, it is crucial to identify the many difficulties that may arise during implementation, concentrate on these problems, and resolve them so that TOD can be implemented in India in a better way. According to research findings, some of the biggest obstacles to TOD development include: the displacement of people from lower socioeconomic groups to other locations because of TOD; the difficulty in coordinating with different stakeholders; the difficulty in developing near transit stations and offering properties at reasonable prices due to higher FAR rates; and the portrayal of TOD as a commercial development. In the case of brown field retrofitting new infrastructure in the central business districts of cities is a challenging endeavour, as is land acquisition and luring customers to new developments in developed nations. The methodology of initial research starts with defining the aim, objectives, scope and limitations of the study followed by literature study of various research papers, articles about TOD and study of TOD policies of various states and cities and their comparison based on various parameters, analysis of the literature studies and methodology adopted in framing the policies, identifying issues and challenges from the literature studies, segregating challenges based on infrastructural requirements, analysing the challenges and suggesting modifications in the identified challenges on priority basis of short term, long term, urgent attention etc. in order to provide a framework for TOD policies so that recently announced TOD policies and such future polices can refer it for their implementation and avoid such challenges while drafting TOD policies so that TOD policies can be successfully implemented in India, followed by conclusion and summary of the research.