Exploring the Challenges in the Implementation of Low Emission Zones in Indian Cities- A Case of Delhi

Abstract

Air pollution is one of the critical challenges in the terms of environmental as well as public health challenges in Indian Cities. Wherein, Vehicular emissions contribute majorly in the deterioration of air quality. Low Emission Zones (LEZs), which restrict high-emission vehicles and encourage greener transportation options, have been effectively established in a number of cities throughout the world in an effort to lessen this problem. However, due to socioeconomic, legislative, and infrastructure issues, the viability of LEZs in India is still up in the air, especially in a heavily populated and congested metropolis like Delhi. Research on the particular obstacles to LEZ implementation in Indian cities is few, despite the growing discussion of LEZs as a sustainable urban mobility option. Studies that have already been done mostly concentrate on air pollution management strategies, but they don't thoroughly examine the site selection standards, legal restrictions, and public attitudes that affect LEZ enforcement. By offering a comprehensive evaluation of the difficulties related to the implementation of LEZ in Delhi, this study seeks to close this gap. With reference to cities such as London, Berlin, and Madrid, the study assesses Global practices in the implementation of LEZs. Through stakeholder engagements and spatial analysis, it then determines important site selection criteria such pollution levels, traffic density, proximity to public transportation, and economic activity. Policy limitations are also evaluated by looking at administrative and regulatory obstacles, such as interagency coordination, financial ramifications, and legal restrictions. Key findings show that although LEZs can drastically cut vehicle emissions, their successful implementation in Delhi will need to overcome obstacles like insufficient public transportation infrastructure, fragmented regulations, and popular opposition brought on by financial worries. The report emphasizes the necessity of a comprehensive strategy that incorporates stronger emissions laws, better enforcement tools, and more effective public awareness initiatives. The study offers legislative recommendations and a strategy framework for choosing LEZ sites that are suited to the urban environment of India. The results give urban planners, and environmental authorities important information and a road map for implementing LEZs in Delhi and other Indian cities in a sustainable and efficient manner. This study helps create context-specific, data-driven solutions to enhance urban air quality and public health by tackling the issues that have been identified. Keywords: Pollution, LEZ, Public Health, Policy, Indian cities, Environment, Global, Stakeholders, site selection, Emissions, Sustainable, Implementation