Healthcare accessibility and social equity: a spatial analysis of marginalized communities in Aizawal city

Abstract

Aizawl being the fastest growing city in Mizoram, much of the attention is given to building infrastructure, improving the economy, and modernizing urban spaces. While these changes are important, they can often lead to the neglect of marginalized groups—such as low-income households, people with disabilities, the elderly, and residents living in the city’s outer or less-developed areas. These groups face unique challenges when it comes to accessing healthcare services. Unfortunately, these challenges are often not noticed during city planning, because the focus is mainly on physical development and not on social equity. Healthcare accessibility is a basic human need, yet many people in growing urban areas are unable to get the care they need. Marginalized communities may live far from health facilities, may not be able to afford medical services, or may face discrimination or lack of awareness that keeps them from seeking care. These issues create what is known as an “access gap”—a situation where certain populations are left out of the healthcare system, even though they live in the same city as others who receive better care. This gap can be hidden or unforeseen, especially in cities where growth is rapid and uneven. In Aizawl City, located in the hilly region of Mizoram, such access gaps may be made worse by the city’s geography, transportation issues, and unequal distribution of health facilities. Core areas may have better access due to their central location and more developed infrastructure but overcrowd, while intermediate and peripheral areas may face greater challenges. However, access is not just about distance. It also involves whether people can afford treatment, if they are aware of available services, and if those services are culturally and socially appropriate. This study proposes the need for a more detailed and multidimensional research on healthcare accessibility in Aizawl City. It is important to look at different aspects of access: availability accessibility affordability acceptability and awareness. These five dimensions provide a broader and more inclusive understanding of how healthcare is experienced by different groups. By focusing on these factors, this research aims to uncover where and why healthcare access gaps exist in Aizawl. It also seeks to bring attention to the needs of marginalized populations who are often left out of traditional planning processes. The findings can help city planners, policymakers, and health departments create better strategies that make healthcare more equal and fairer for everyone, not just those in well-served areas. Keywords: Healthcare accessibility, Marginalized communities, social equity, Access gap, Equity-based solutions.