Coastal disasters housing vulnerability of local communities Kendrapara Odisha

Abstract

Individuals around the globe are inclined to continuous and serious risks because of the worldwide environmental change situation and human mediations. Especially, the local coastal communities are consistently inclined with different continuing coastal disasters such as sea level rise, change in shoreline, & momentary risks such as tidal wave tornado & tempest flood. Coastal regions of India being different in nature are under consistent weakness to perils. Lately, India's coastal regions have gotten more defenseless against different dangers identified with environmental change. Extraordinary and more continuous typhoons, for example, the recent cyclones Fani, Gaja and Hudhud have made monstrous annihilation to the country's coastal states. While proficient calamity readiness in a large number of these states has helped save numerous lives, there stay huge difficulties in reconstructing harmed framework and getting back to regularity after the interruptions. The foremost unbiased of this investigation is to comprehend day to day environments among households along the coast; discernment, encounters and techniques in managing coastal disasters and environmental change; examines the obstacles to building the climate resilience and the possibilities of promoting resilience to the housing infrastructure of local communities (addressing the housing vulnerability). This thesis has explored addressing the vulnerability of housing in the frontline settlements of coastal region. This study identifies the opportunities for new development which will be sustainable and disaster resilient aiming at protecting and conserving the settlements. Firstly, from several studies on post disaster shelter constructions, improving housing vulnerabilities and various models of housing were studied and many other literatures were referred. This research was conducted in Kendrapara, Odisha because of the high housing vulnerability to coastal disasters. Analysis of present context of housing scenario was carried out which included material specifications leading to housing performance score, employment and livelihood opportunities of the local communities, existing schemes and its implementation status, gaps were identified in housing policies and stakeholders response in times of disaster for housing reconstruction. This resulted in obtaining the coastal hazard vulnerability mapping of the region which leads to identification of highly vulnerable villages. Further, areas which are highly vulnerable to coastal hazards are recommended to shift to highly suitable locations for housing for which housing suitability assessment was carried out taking various suitable parameters. And as we know that relocation is always not a suitable option as it takes complex procedures and steps for implementation, recommendations for in situ development has also been laid out for improving housing vulnerability and for that participatory approach has also proved as an successful approach to reduce the time taken for reconstruction process. Lastly future scope has been mentioned which briefly explained the limitations of the study which further can be carried out as way forward.