Effects of textile dyes on water and health: a case study of bargarh district, Odisa

Abstract

The study will be undertaken to know about the factors affecting environment due to development of textile industries as well as health of the people who are lived near the proximity of waterbodies. Because increase of textile industries environment is been affected adversely. According to different research paper on textile waste effluent water is mostly polluted due to textile industries. Water is majorly used in dyeing, bleaching and finishing process. After using untreated water waste effluent discharged directly to the rivers and canals. This increases diseases to the people lived nearby waterbodies. According to the study area there are many numbers of textile households in different blocks. In every block there are many people who are involved in textile practice. These textile household settlements are placed nearby the waterbodies. So, the textile waste water effluent directly discharged to the nearby waterbodies. Due to the daily uses from these waterbodies many diseases like skin diseases happened to people. Chemicals which are used in dyeing of textiles are more likely to cause various diseases. However, it is more common among workers involved in textile dyeing work. water pollution caused by textile dyeing industry and concluded that the chemicals, dyeing, colour etc. used by textile dyeing industries are responsible for water pollution. Textile dyeing effluent is considered as one of the most environmentally unfriendly industrial processes. The study aimed to review the different types of textile dyes use in the industrial processes and their contribution to environmental pollution. A wide variety of synthetic dyes like azo dye, vat, reactive dye, disperse dye, etc. widely used in the textile sector. The result showed that some physicochemical parameters of the dyeing effluents (COD, TDS and BOD) exceeded their standard limits. During dyeing process approximately 10-15% of the dyes used are released into the waste water. It is recognized as the root cause of environmental pollution. Mostly, now a day much of the textile industries are located in developing countries such as India often equipped with poor waste water system. In textile waste water, dyes are considered as important pollutants. Textile industries produce large amounts of liquid wastes. According to the problem I framed the aim that is; DEVELOPING STRATEGIES FOR MITIGATING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS DUE TO TEXTILE DYEING PROCESS. To achieve the aim, I framed objectives so that the study can be understood. These objectives are: Understanding rules and regulations related to textile dyeing, to analyse v processes involved in textile dyeing and their impacts on environment, assessing health impacts on textile workers and communities depending on effluent discharge sources and proposing affordable and implementable strategies for water pollution mitigation. Bargarh is a district on the Western border of Orissa. Handloom weaving is the outstanding, wide spread small Industry, providing employment to largest number of people in the District. The growth of weaving activity in the District is ascribed to the advent of the “Bhulia Meher” community. According to my analysis technique that is DPSIR framework, in which drivers, pressure and state which directly linked to my objective 2. Impact analysis is linked with objective 3 and response linked to objective 4 which is proposal part. In driver that is causes, I explained about direct discharge of textile dyeing effluents. In pressure that is pollutants, I explained about how much textile effluent discharged and which pollutant creates very harmful effect to the people. State means quality which is done through pollution level and condition. In impact I explained about health of people. According to my study the blocks which have the highest number of textiles households and placed near by waterbodies. Due to direct discharge from households to waterbodies, water got contaminated. It’s proved through the pollution level and standard limits. And due to uses of this polluted waterbody many diseases occurred. From which skin disease happened in bijepur block according textile households. The industrial wastes may affect livelihoods such as health through inhalation, ingestion and skin contact with the polluted water or industrial wastes. Health effects as a result of industrial waste discharge include respiratory diseases, skin reactions, allergies, diminution of vision, corneal opacity, abortion, deformity of pregnancy, stunted growth, neurological disorders, mental depression, psychiatric changes, altered immune response, chromosomal aberrations and cancer. Lead among industrial pollutants poses a serious threat to human beings and animals as well as plants. As per problem happened in Bargarh district I proposed many things as phase wise. So that immediate action can be taken. I proposed policy level interventions through involvement of NGOs and spatially in which I provide many methods and appropriate location that will stop or reduce to direct discharge of textile waste water to the nearby waterbodies.