Assessing public transport accessibility: a case of Jaipur

Abstract

The rapid pace of urbanization and projected growth of India’s urban population to 600 million by 2030 have intensified the demand for accessible, efficient, and sustainable public transport systems. Cities like Jaipur are witnessing major shifts to public transport due to urban expansion and economic development. As density increases, ensuring equitable transport accessibility becomes a key challenge for urban planners and policymakers. This study evaluates public transport accessibility in Jaipur by analysing network coverage, service frequency, spatial distribution, and last-mile connectivity in relation to density, built cover and land use. It also examineshow public transport infrastructure supports various travelneeds—commuting, education, healthcare, and leisure—and how accessibility varies across urban zones. Using GIS analysis, accessibility indices, and user satisfaction surveys, the study identifiesdisparities in service availability, frequency, and mobility. It highlights how urban growth affects bus transport accessibility and stresses the need for data-driven, inclusive transport policies. Tools like Public Transport Accessibility Levels (PTAL) help assess accessibility, considering factors such as points of interest, service frequency, walking time, andnetworkreachetc. However, other elements like travel time, availability, infrastructure, comfort, safety, also significantly impact accessibility. The studyproposes optimized route planning, expanded infrastructure in under-served areas, improved connectivity, and an efficient feeder system. It also predicts the future accessibility scenario. It emphasizes aligning public transport development with urban growthto create an inclusive, sustainable, and user-oriented mobility systems . Keywords: urbanization, transport, public transport, density, last-mile connectivity, accessibility, mobility, urban planning, sustainability, indexing