Abstract:
The transportation structure in Bihar Sharif, Nalanda, is heavily based on IPT operations, with the three-wheelers(auto/e-rickshaws) playing a more significant role in meeting mobility needs in the context of limited options to formal public transportation. Despite providing an accessible and adaptable method of transportation for regular travellers, these services confront a variety of challenges, including operational inefficiencies, environmental consequences, a lack of standardisation, and safety issues. This study aims at improving the operational performance of three-wheelers(auto/e-rickshaws) services in Bihar Sharif by systematically recording the existing services, documenting key performance indicators, conducting an evaluation of their performance, and suggesting remedial action suited to local needs. Field surveys and route mapping are performed to examine the attributes of services that included coverage, frequency, conditions of vehicles, fare structures, and the satisfaction of passengers. From the literature review and consultations with stakeholders, the performance metrics for operational efficiency, service coverage, affordability, safety, and users' satisfaction are established. Statistical analyses are done to identify inadequacies in the provision of services and inefficiencies in the route management, fleet distribution, and experience of the user. Important domains that need improvement are marked, including the optimization of routing, standardization of fare systems, enhancement of vehicle maintenance practices, and advancement of safety regulations. Practical suggestions that mitigated these deficiencies are formulated within route rationalization, management practices for fleets, and ideas intended to enhance service quality as well as sustainability. The study, further, offers a methodologically robust framework that can be adapted and used to assess and enhance IPT services in other medium-sized cities across India and comparable urban environments worldwide, and thus contribute to the sustainable urban mobility. Keywords: Public Transport, three-wheelers, E-Rickshaws, Route Rationalization, Intermediate Public Transport (IPT), Urban Traffic Congestion, Travel Demand, Sustainable Urban Mobility
