Resettlement of maldhari ness outside GIR forest and establishment of a milk processing unit at Jaljivadi: Amreli Gujrat

Abstract

The term Maldhari comes from Maal (cattle) and Dhari (owner). Originating from Sindh, Maldharis migrated to western India in search of grazing land and have since transitioned from a nomadic lifestyle to a more settled existence. Within the Gir Forest, they formed semi-sedentary settlements known as Ness, living closely with their cattle and deriving their livelihood primarily from milk production. These forest-edge communities, composed of 5 to 25 jhokhs (dwelling units), are typically located near water streams and integrated into the surrounding ecosystem. The built environment, shaped by local materials and seasonal needs, reflects a unique coexistence between people, livestock, and wildlife. However, in recent decades, growing human-wildlife conflict and diminishing grazing lands have made this traditional way of life increasingly unsustainable. This thesis responds to a state-led initiative to relocate approximately 129 Maldhari nesses for biodiversity conservation, focusing on one such site in Jaljivadi, Amreli. The objective is not merely resettlement, but to create an improved, ecologically responsible, and self-sustaining rural environment. The design proposes cluster-based housing that respects traditional social structures, alongside dedicated cattle infrastructure and a milk processing unit to support a self-reliant rural economy. Public amenities such as health clinics, markets, and community spaces are integrated to enhance the quality of life. The settlement plan also includes provisions for veterinary care, skill development in animal husbandry, and educational outreach. Built using local materials and passive design techniques, the architecture responds to the region’s climate while promoting long-term durability. Wildlife buffers are created through spatial setbacks, vegetation, and zoning to ensure safe coexistence with surrounding forest life. Sustainable systems like biogas plants, water conservation methods, and Organic waste treatment are embedded to manage resources efficiently. The spatial layout transitions organically from private to communal areas, reflecting the Maldhari’s traditional lifestyle. This project aims to serve as a replicable model for resettlement in eco-sensitive zones, preserving cultural identity while promoting ecological balance, economic stability, and social dignity. Keywords: Maldhari Resettlement, Cluster Housing, Milk Processing Unit, Wildlife Co-existence, Sustainable Rural Development