Assessing sustainability of urban transportation by using ecological footprint analysis – a case of Bhubaneswar

Abstract

Human society consumes resources to live and sustain. Humans consume both renewable and non-renewable resources which are available in nature. Renewable resources are primarily produced from land, water, and solar energy by the act of photosynthesis. On the other hand, non renewable resources are finite and are already over-exploited. The extraction and use of non-renewable resources like fossil energy are associated with emissions, which are degrading the renewabl eresource base. This warrants tools that measure consumption and production in a single, quantitative and tangible unit. Land is the only logical unit becauserenewable resource production itself requires bio-productive land. Ecological footprint analysis is best suited tool for assessment. City form and its transportation system have huge impact on travel behaviour ofpeople. Fast growing population and economy leads to a rapid increase in growth of hinterlands and automobile. A transportation system which curb carbon emissions, reduces the use of fuel and valuable land can be termed as Sustainable Transportation System. Priority should be laid on minimising the role of private transportation and gradually shifting people to more sustainable travel options like cycling, public mode of transportation and walking.This aim of the study is to review the present transport system of Bhubaneswar and Bus Rapid Transit system proposed in the city. Mode shift analysis is done to evaluate the probable shift to BRTS. Transportation ecological footprint tool is used to assess the BRTS pre and post situation to estimate and visualise environmental issues. Remedial measures are suggested to curb the transport ecological footprint and enhance the existing bio-capacity