Evaluation and development of strategies to mitigate light pollution – a case study of Bangalore

Abstract

Modifications in the natural night-light levels in the outdoor surroundings due to man-made sources of light which compromises human health and ecological balance is light pollution. With the development and expansion of human occupancy within and near the natural habitats, not only humans but delicate ecosystems are gradually being exposed to artificial light at night. Even the minute levels of artificial lighting interferes with the night sky, changes the skycolour, and disturbs every species day-night cycle. Light - pollution is now turning into a global issue as it is slowly fading the ability to observe stars, degrading the night-sky heritage and originating various environmental and energy impacts. (Rajkhowa, 2014) It comprises of glare, increased unrequited illumination, temporary lighting and also unexpected fluctuations in lighting. The sources are various, including streetlights, fishing-boats, illuminated buildings, advertising boards, security lighting, vehicle headlights and even lights on under-sea research vessels, assimilation of all these results in the formation of a domical sky-glow. In this research, causes and issues related to light pollution are discussed. Bangalore, the fastest growing city in India has been chosen as the site area according to a multi-city analysis of ten most populated cities in India, among which Bangalore emits the most light into the sky or appears to be the brightest. Satellite imagery by NOAA has been used for this study. The study tries to establish a relationship between various demographical and spatial factors with light pollution in the urban area. Moreover, at a micro level, the study details out the situation in the most polluted area delineated using satellite imagery. Along with general measures to keep a check on light pollution, sitespecific issues are identified and improvement of the avoidable polluting sources has been given utmost importance. Avoidable light - pollution is the light that is emitted during the night-time by artificial lights that are improper in, spectral range, intensity or density and are unsuitable to perform the purpose they are planned for. However, even if Light - pollution shows high risks to the environment, it can be condensed through various practicable solutions.