Mainstreaming disaster resilience within the national mission for coastal city:

Abstract

In recent years, India’s coastal regions have become increasingly vulnerable to climate-related risks. The recent severe floods, combined with more intense and frequent cyclones such as Gulab, Tauktae, and Amphan, have caused damage in the country's coastal states. While effective disaster preparedness in many of these states has saved many lives, there are still significant challenges in rebuilding damaged infrastructure and resuming normalcy after disruptions. It became clear that government schemes are highly relevant in the current development context. They are developed for the socio-economic upliftment of the people and the quality of the built environment. Recent national urban development missions resulted in a huge investment of INR 6,85,758 crores in 4,041 Urban Local Bodies across country. Cities can only be smart if they are disaster resilient. This National missions’ guidelines include land use planning, building codes, and the urban heat effect in designated areas. It is now necessary for city disaster management plans to include a component of urban disaster risk reduction and climate change. Following the synthesis of the literature, it aided in the development of the study's aim and objectives. Following the formulation of objectives based on objectives A field visit, a primary survey, and data collection were all necessary for the study. The acquired data was then analysed, and a qualitative conclusion was drawn from it. The data analysis assisted in identifying difficulties and gaps in the studied area. This study's literature is derived from online secondary sources such as websites and journals. All literature was classified into four groups. Group literature on climate change and its consequences, as well as why it is relevant in light of the rising frequency of natural disasters, The literature in this group is concerned with rising sea levels and sea surface temperature, as well as how these connect to the frequency of cyclones and their impact on Indian states' coastal areas. Group literature on conventional disaster management standards, including various documents released by the Indian government, particularly for cyclones and floods, In the literature conclusion, it was evident that to increase capacity, these urban missions include designated components that primarily focus on improving city infrastructure and operations, as well as the implementation of new technology to increase efficiency and effectiveness. Following the study, it was clear that a huge amount of work had been done in terms of resilience. In addition, the non-governmental organisations that worked on it have suspended activities. and all work was done exclusively in the city's municipal area and ward. The CCR guide is meant to serve as a platform for highlighting community strengths while identifying vulnerabilities and gaps in resilience that the community can address in collaboration with government agencies, nongovernmental organisations, the private sector, and other stakeholders. The city is becoming more susceptible, posing significant threats such as increased water stress, the heat island effect, and a rise in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as urban floods. Three of the most essential sectors driving urban climate action are urban planning, green cover, and biodiversity. Climate-smart city assessment framework elements and indicators addresses both mitigation and adaptation concerns. The required data is as specified by the city

administration's indicator. However, indicators do not address the qualitative components of data. The disaster management department, according to the survey, is independent from the municipal corporation and the urban local body SUDA. According to Intel, CSCAF is assisting cities in becoming climate resilient at the implementation level, but there is still a long way to go. To build a credible argument, the implications of climate change are also studied, and several mapping analyses are performed for the years 2011 and 2021, including land-use land cover shift, land surface temperature, slope & elevation, watershed, and land degradation. Lulc represents the city's growth path, which is towards the sea, making the city increasingly susceptible. We can clearly conclude from this analysis that climate change consequences are there, and that this is primarily due to urbanisation and an increase in industrial pollutants. As major issues like haphazard development, lack of flood plain zoning and eco-sensitive planning, lack of strict implementation mechanisms and planning in the city's periphery, outdated infrastructural facilities, clogged, and contaminated storm water networks, land use inconsistencies, loss of water bodies, and lack of open spaces emerged. Following that, methods to increase flood resilience in the city were investigated, including the incorporation of nature-based solutions and green infrastructure, as well as an integrated approach between the many national urban missions and their implementation. The ACCRN foundation had developed an early warning system for the city. The city requires pre-disaster spatial strategies, The primary survey identified institutional gaps and obstacles in the master plan, which will be addressed by the national mission, particularly the Smart City Mission and AMRUT. Area Based Development is one of the components of Smart City, in which greenfield development will be used for nature-based solutions for identified sites, and ICCC will be used for ICT-based mapping for rescue, relief, and rehabilitation. Green space development will be used for solutions under AMRUT stormwater management. Finally, the proposed project and land use invention will be incorporated into the city's future master plan. There will be special chapter for the Current national mission program integration.