Mitigating air pollution caused by vehicle traffic

Abstract

Air quality has become a significant issue of concern in recent years, especially in developing countries such as India. Some of our tier-I cities, like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Vijayawada, Vizag, Hyderabad, and Bangalore, are already dealing with the effects. According to various literature reviews, the primary reasons for degrading air quality are the city's spatial structure and function (socioeconomic activities). Rapid urbanization, industrialization, increased congestion, vehicle ownership, reduced transit capacity, and a lack of effective pollution control policies all contribute. Second, as these cities rise in size, commute distances increase, causing increased road congestion. As a result, the city significantly contributes to the degradation of air quality. This is commonly referred to as city-centric pollution To conclude, a city's spatial structure impacts anthropogenic activities and, therefore, a significant source of urban air pollution, which defines cities as the central focus. Present programs in India include the “National Clean Air Program (NCAP),” “Forty-Two Action Points,” the “National Air Quality Monitoring Program (NAMP),” and others. Several studies have shown that most of urban areas exceeds the specified standard limits of Air pollution. Central Pollution Control Board has installed ambient air monitoring stations in several metro cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Vizag etc. The urban planning plays a very important role in reducing the impact of air pollution on human health or to reduce the generation of air pollution. Despite the proven results about the air pollution interference in general well-being of people there is a need of a systemic approach to reduce its effects in an urban area. With a population of around 1.73 million, Visakhapatnam is Andhra Pradesh's secondlargest urban agglomeration (Census, 2011). It's been and remains to be a centre of economic activities in the region, attracting an increasing population to the city. Travel is a result of this population's need for activities such as work, education, recreation, and health, for the aim of bettering their socioeconomic situation However, more transportation activity may result in more pollutants, traffic, and casualties in the city. Hills, forests, the harbour, and industries cover huge swaths of area in the city. Besides these places, the city's urban built-up area is localized in 166km2 throughout 534km2 of total city area. Mitigating Air Pollution Caused by Vehicle Traffic: A case of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh Only 31% of the overall planning area is currently developed, with the remaining covered by farms, woods, and hills. As a result, population concentrations in the inner city exceed 27,000 persons per hectare, while the outskirts are sparsely populated. In addition, this area has 686 slums, that also account for 44% of the city's total population. For tourism and other factors in the city, descriptive and inferential analysis was collected, the findings from which summarise the main status and main challenges with in city