Impacts of IT parks in peri urban residential transformation

Abstract

Industrialization promotes urbanisation by generating economic development and job opportunities, which drive people to cities. Many sub-sectors of the industrial sector exist, such as mining and quarrying, manufacturing, software, and hardware technologies (IT sector), and so on. According to statistics, the industrial sector accounts for 24.2 percent of Indian GDP, with the IT industry contributing 11.3 percent. According to recent research, the IT sector's fast expansion is causing unprecedented changes in the spatial and structural characteristics of cities. For decades cities have changed continuously for several reasons. Changes attributable to information technology industries can be seen in several cities during the last decade. Information Technology (IT) has pervaded many aspects of society, prompting structural changes equivalent to the industrial revolution of the nineteenth century. These have resulted in significant economic, geographical, and social changes. The information technology industry has played a critical role in influencing every city's residential expansion and resulting in many modifications in spatial growth. These forces have a positive as well as negative impact on cities. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impacts of IT hubs and IT parks’ development on the peri-urban residential growth of the city and elucidate the positive and negative spatial consequences of the city's tremendous expansion in the IT industry. The city was chosen for the research because it is practically a world leader in terms of ICT and ICT enabled services, as well as one of India's top Hitech cities. The goal of the study is to guide future development with similar IT sector growth scenarios in periphery areas. If we see the drivers of this urbanization in the Peri-urban areas, most metropolitan cities experienced the outgrowth due to the expansion of city services on the outskirts, the emergence of new economic activities, and population migration are all factors. The push factors for the IT services which led to the rapid urbanization in most of the metropolitan fringes are High land costs, traffic congestion in the city's core areas, pollution, and a due to poor services and facilities Two scenarios were examined to study the impacts on residential growth: Hitech city and the financial district. Hitech City, Hyderabad's first IT hub, was established in the early 2000s, and the peri-urban area quickly turned into an urban environment, leading to the formation of new peri-urban neighbourhoods. With the rise of multiple IT businesses and a wave rock SEZ, Financial District, a new suburb, emerged a decade after Hitech City was founded. So here the study is analysing and comparing the development in case 1, which is earlier in the time cycle and has reached its saturation and now, is no longer a peri urban area to predict what can the future of the case 2 suburb be. The change in land uses in the areas surrounding IT parks during the preceding decade are being analysed using LANDSAT imagery from various time periods. Satellite data from 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 were analysed and compared for both cases to detect temporal changes in land use and land cover. Along with the changes in spatial development, changes in a built-up area, building typologies, and demographic and economic development are also compared in both the cases with staggered time frames The quantum of spatial development along with the development of IT parks and the quantum of residential changes along with the employee influx are parallelly linked to find out the impacts on the surrounding areas and to develop a framework of peripheral development for equitable and inclusive growth. Furthermore, the model's outcomes and scenarios can aid in the establishment of feasible policy and strategic recommendations for the sustained development of such areas.